Blues -
A style of music evolved from southern African-American secular songs and usually distinguished by a syncopated 4/4 rhythm, flatted thirds and sevenths, a 12-bar structure, and lyrics in a three-line stanza in which the second line repeats the first: "The blues is an expression of anger against shame and humiliation" B.B. King. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/blues
Chord changes - A chord change is a movement from one chord to another and may be thought of as either the most basic chord progression or as a portion of longer chord progressions which involve more than two chords. Generally, successive chords in a chord progression share some notes. http://www.answers.com/topic/chord-progression
Dominant -
A chord based on the fifth degree of the diatonic scale being used. A dominant usually resolves to the tonic. http://www.answers.com/topic/dominant
Improvisation - Spontaneous Composition. The performance of music that is composed on the spur-of-the moment by the performer, usually as a solo, or cadenza . Also used extensively in jazz . http://www.answers.com/topic/improvisation
Pat Martino - It is next to impossible to quantify the "best" in a particular art form, however, Pat Martino is the reason why I began my study of Jazz improvisation on the guitar. I am blessed to have had the opportunity to listen to his music and the good fortune to study with him in the late 1980's. http://www.patmartino.com/